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http://www.theatlantic.com/doc/198202/diamond
February 1982 Atlantic

An unruly market may undo the work of a giant cartel and of an inspired, decades-long ad campaign

by Edward Jay Epstein

Have You Ever Tried to Sell a Diamond?

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The diamond invention—the creation of the idea that diamonds are rare and valuable, and are essential signs of esteem—is a relatively recent development in the history of the diamond trade. Until the late nineteenth century, diamonds were found only in a few riverbeds in India and in the jungles of Brazil, and the entire world production of gem diamonds amounted to a few pounds a year. In 1870, however, huge diamond mines were discovered near the Orange River, in South Africa, where diamonds were soon being scooped out by the ton. Suddenly, the market was deluged with diamonds. The British financiers who had organized the South African mines quickly realized that their investment was endangered; diamonds had little intrinsic value—and their price depended almost entirely on their scarcity. The financiers feared that when new mines were developed in South Africa, diamonds would become at best only semiprecious gems.

The major investors in the diamond mines realized that they had no alternative but to merge their interests into a single entity that would be powerful enough to control production and perpetuate the illusion of scarcity of diamonds. The instrument they created, in 1888, was called De Beers Consolidated Mines, Ltd., incorporated in South Africa. As De Beers took control of all aspects of the world diamond trade, it assumed many forms. In London, it operated under the innocuous name of the Diamond Trading Company. In Israel, it was known as "The Syndicate." In Europe, it was called the "C.S.O." -- initials referring to the Central Selling Organization, which was an arm of the Diamond Trading Company. And in black Africa, it disguised its South African origins under subsidiaries with names like Diamond Development Corporation and Mining Services, Inc. At its height -- for most of this century -- it not only either directly owned or controlled all the diamond mines in southern Africa but also owned diamond trading companies in England, Portugal, Israel, Belgium, Holland, and Switzerland.

De Beers proved to be the most successful cartel arrangement in the annals of modern commerce. While other commodities, such as gold, silver, copper, rubber, and grains, fluctuated wildly in response to economic conditions, diamonds have continued, with few exceptions, to advance upward in price every year since the Depression. Indeed, the cartel seemed so superbly in control of prices -- and unassailable -- that, in the late 1970s, even speculators began buying diamonds as a guard against the vagaries of inflation and recession.

The diamond invention is far more than a monopoly for fixing diamond prices; it is a mechanism for converting tiny crystals of carbon into universally recognized tokens of wealth, power, and romance. To achieve this goal, De Beers had to control demand as well as supply. Both women and men had to be made to perceive diamonds not as marketable precious stones but as an inseparable part of courtship and married life. To stabilize the market, De Beers had to endow these stones with a sentiment that would inhibit the public from ever reselling them. The illusion had to be created that diamonds were forever -- "forever" in the sense that they should never be resold.

In September of 1938, Harry Oppenheimer, son of the founder of De Beers and then twenty-nine, traveled from Johannesburg to New York City, to meet with Gerold M. Lauck, the president of N. W. Ayer, a leading advertising agency in the United States. Lauck and N. W. Ayer had been recommended to Oppenheimer by the Morgan Bank, which had helped his father consolidate the De Beers financial empire. His bankers were concerned about the price of diamonds, which had declined worldwide.

In Europe, where diamond prices had collapsed during the Depression, there seemed little possibility of restoring public confidence in diamonds. In Germany, Austria, Italy, and Spain, the notion of giving a diamond ring to commemorate an engagement had never taken hold. In England and France, diamonds were still presumed to be jewels for aristocrats rather than the masses. Furthermore, Europe was on the verge of war, and there seemed little possibility of expanding diamond sales. This left the United States as the only real market for De Beers's diamonds. In fact, in 1938 some three quarters of all the cartel's diamonds were sold for engagement rings in the United States. Most of these stones, however, were smaller and of poorer quality than those bought in Europe, and had an average price of $80 apiece. Oppenheimer and the bankers believed that an advertising campaign could persuade Americans to buy more expensive diamonds.

Oppenheimer suggested to Lauck that his agency prepare a plan for creating a new image for diamonds among Americans. He assured Lauck that De Beers had not called on any other American advertising agency with this proposal, and that if the plan met with his father's approval, N. W. Ayer would be the exclusive agents for the placement of newspaper and radio advertisements in the United States. Oppenheimer agreed to underwrite the costs of the research necessary for developing the campaign. Lauck instantly accepted the offer.

In their subsequent investigation of the American diamond market, the staff of N. W. Ayer found that since the end of World War I, in 1919, the total amount of diamonds sold in America, measured in carats, had declined by 50 percent; at the same time, the quality of the diamonds, measured in dollar value, had declined by nearly 100 percent. An Ayer memo concluded that the depressed state of the market for diamonds was "the result of the economy, changes in social attitudes and the promotion of competitive luxuries."

Although it could do little about the state of the economy, N. W. Ayer suggested that through a well-orchestrated advertising and public-relations campaign it could have a significant impact on the "social attitudes of the public at large and thereby channel American spending toward larger and more expensive diamonds instead of "competitive luxuries." Specifically, the Ayer study stressed the need to strengthen the association in the public's mind of diamonds with romance. Since "young men buy over 90% of all engagement rings" it would be crucial to inculcate in them the idea that diamonds were a gift of love: the larger and finer the diamond, the greater the expression of love. Similarly, young women had to be encouraged to view diamonds as an integral part of any romantic courtship.

Since the Ayer plan to romanticize diamonds required subtly altering the public's picture of the way a man courts -- and wins -- a woman, the advertising agency strongly suggested exploiting the relatively new medium of motion pictures. Movie idols, the paragons of romance for the mass audience, would be given diamonds to use as their symbols of indestructible love. In addition, the agency suggested offering stories and society photographs to selected magazines and newspapers which would reinforce the link between diamonds and romance. Stories would stress the size of diamonds that celebrities presented to their loved ones, and photographs would conspicuously show the glittering stone on the hand of a well-known woman. Fashion designers would talk on radio programs about the "trend towards diamonds" that Ayer planned to start. The Ayer plan also envisioned using the British royal family to help foster the romantic allure of diamonds. An Ayer memo said, "Since Great Britain has such an important interest in the diamond industry, the royal couple could be of tremendous assistance to this British industry by wearing diamonds rather than other jewels." Queen Elizabeth later went on a well-publicized trip to several South African diamond mines, and she accepted a diamond from Oppenheimer.

In addition to putting these plans into action, N. W. Ayer placed a series of lush four-color advertisements in magazines that were presumed to mold elite opinion, featuring reproductions of famous paintings by such artists as Picasso, Derain, Dali, and Dufy. The advertisements were intended to convey the idea that diamonds, like paintings, were unique works of art.

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From Atlantic Unbound

February 12, 2007

In the Mood for Love?

Terrorist matchmakers; Singaporean makeout sessions; the truth about diamonds; tales from the frontlines of online dating...

December 11, 2006

The Diamond Myth

Articles from the past 150 years reveal the dark side of "the most brilliant of stones"

Also By

Edward Jay Epstein

March 1983

The Cartel That Never Was

Saudi Arabia finds in the perceived unity and power of OPEC a convenient illusion.


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Giant Humans and Dinosaurs

This petrified finger found in cretaceous limestone, belonged to a "prehistoric" human. Broken short of the middle joint, it measures 7.6 cm (3 inches). At full length it would measure about 15 cm (6 inches). In the photo, it is compared to a regular full-length finger. Excavations of this limestone has also revealed a child's tooth and human hair.

Sectioning reveals the typical porous bone structure expected in a human finger.      Cat-scan and MRI identified joints and traced tendons throughout the length of the fossil.

Cat-scan shows dark areas interpreted as the interior of bones and marrow. Areas less dense than surrounding stones, easily pass X-rays, causing darkening of the image. Black area is caused by sectioning.

This dinosaur footprint in cretaceous limestone on the banks of the Paluxy River is approximately 30 cm (one foot) across, and located with similar tracks. Early excavations in this area revealed human footprints inside the dinosaur tracks leading to rumors that the human prints had claws–later excavations uncovered human footprints up to 64 cm long (25 inches) next to the dinosaur prints—this discounted the doubters. A human handprint was also found.     This confirms that

dinosaurs occupied the arbitrary and spurious "cretaceous" period of geological history.   Human prints contemporary with dinosaurs contradict modern evolution theories   because mankind was not to evolve for another 75 to 100 million years.

One of many human footprints contemporary with dinosaurs taken from the Paluxy River located in Dinosaur Park near Glen Rose, Texas. Pictured with my foot, it exceeds 45 cm (18 inches) in length. The cross-sectional cuts determined by compression studies that it was a woman's footprint. Estimates indicate her stature approximately 305 cm (10 feet) and 454 kg (1,000 lbs). Several strata of human prints with dinosaur prints have been excavated in this park. According to Dr. Carl Baugh, the archeologist who coordinated the excavations, these strata were laid down during the first few days of Noah's flood when water levels were low enough to allow daily tidal changes to form layers of mud so fleeing creatures could seek higher ground—the upper strata showed no prints.

Obviously the people who lived contemporary with dinosaurs were intelligent, and the footprints indicate that they were quite human, as the large toe on primates is located close to the heel to facilitate clinging to branches.

Dr. Hilton Hinderliter of Apollo Campus Pennsylvania

State University, studied the evidence presented at the Glen Rose, who excavations and stated: "I would have to say that the belief in evolution is in a state of terminal illness but its death will only be admitted by a new generation of scientists whose minds have not been prejudiced by the type of education now prevalent in the nation's public schools, an education which starts with the belief that evolution has happened, which interprets all evidence according to that faith and simply discards any evidence which cannot be fitted into the evolutionary framework" (Quoted from "Dinosaurs" by Dr. Carl E. Baugh, 1987. Promise Publishing Co., Orange, CA 92667.

This interesting photograph is of a hammer found in similar strata. It's iron head and wooden handle are solidified in sandstone. Metallurgical studies show that it was constructed of a type of iron that could not have been made under present atmospheric conditions. It is believed that before the flood our atmosphere was compressed to approximately twice its current density, and no ultraviolet radiation.

In June 1934, the Hahn family discovered a rock, sitting loose on a ledge beside a waterfall outside of London, Texas.  The site primarily consists of 75-100

million years old cretaceous rock. Noticing this weathered rock had wood protruding from it, they cracked it open, exposing the hammer head. To verify that the hammer was made of metal, they cut into one of the beveled sides with a file. The bright metal in the nick is still there, with no detectable corrosion. The unusual metallurgy is 96% iron, 2.6% chlorine and 0.74% sulfur (no carbon). Density tests indicate exceptional casting quality.

The density of the iron in a central, cross-sectional plane shows the interior metal to be very pure, with no bubbles.

Modern industry cannot consistently produce iron castings with this quality, as evidenced by test results that show bubbles and density variations that have caused pump and valve bodies to break. The handle eye is partially coalifed with quartz and calcite crystalline inclusions, oval shaped, and roughly 1" x 1/2".

A Personal Testimony


Several years ago, I heard about human footprints being found alongside dinosaur tracks in a Cretaceous limestone in the vicinity of Glen Rose, Texas. There were newspaper accounts in both the Fort Worth Star-Telegram (June 17, 1982) and The Dallas Morning News. Also, Dallas area television stations Channel 5 and Channel 8 reported on the finds. I did not think much about this at the time but later, because of my extensive reading on the subject of evolution, I was reminded of it. In January, 1995, I made a trip to Glen Rose specifically to visit the Creation Evidences Museum and find out all I could about these footprints.

I discovered that the excavation work there is done for about two weeks in summer each year as the Paluxy River is too high in the other seasons. Also, the landowner allows the digging to proceed for only this limited time.

I visited the area of the river bank and observed for myself the large and clear left-right trails of dinosaur prints . Many are 6-10 inches deep, 2-3 feet across, and show a three-toed foot. I decided to visit the museum and find out all I could about these footprints.

During a long conversation that afternoon at the museum, I learned that human tracks had been uncovered in this area since at least 1910. Geologist Clifford Burdick, Ph.D., verified human tracks here in the 1940's. The work of the individuals connected now with the museum began about 1982. Since then, 57 footprints of man have been found in excavations along the Paluxy River and in at least one other site in the same general area. During my visit, I was shown casts of some of the footprints found previously. One section of rock is displayed which was cut out of the river bed because it contains one of the clearest footprints found to date. A cross-sectioning of one of the best finds is also displayed. Pressure laminations consistent with a human footprint in mud are clearly shown.

During our visit, I was shown casts of some of the footprints found previously. One section of rock is displayed which was cut out of the river bed because it contains one of the clearest footprints found to date. A cross-sectioning of one of the best finds is also displayed. Pressure laminations consistent with a human footprint in mud are clearly shown.

Several well-credentialed scientists had witnessed and testified to the genuineness of the discoveries. Media from around the country had witnessed at least some of them. Evolutionists, however, dismissed the human footprints as carvings of Indians, the tracks of a sick dolphin, a case of misidentification, or even an outright fraud. One gentleman was so threatened by the discoveries that he actually took a hammer, went to the river, and broke up some of the footprints to make them useless for study.

Some of the human footprints have been found right next to those of a dinosaur. One was even found inside the animal track! The relatively soft limestone rock is subject to rapid weathering from exposure. The human tracks are shallow and look like a footprint made in mud or wet cement. Because of this the details of the human prints are lost within days of the time of exposure.

I knew that the human footprints, found side by side with dinosaur tracks, if genuine, destroyed the theory of evolution all by themselves. Still, I wanted to see for myself. See agoracosmopolitan.com

Along with two of my friends, Ted and Jorge Gomez, I went to Glen Rose to observe and participate in an excavation on June 19, 1995. We helped to remove the exposed rock ledge at the work site. This ledge covered the limestone layer in which the tracks had been previously discovered at other sites along the river. Each portion of the ledge we removed (approximately 50 sf.) weighed at least 2000 pounds. The removal of each piece took several men with sledge hammers and three heavy duty jacks hours of heavy work to accomplish. No Indian had ever lifted and then replaced this covering rock to carve anything! A dinosaur track, but no human track, was discovered on our first day.

Jorge and I returned to work on another site on June 29, 1995. This site was about 150 feet down river from our earlier location. Both sites were chosen because previous findings indicated a trail of footprints might extend to them. Dr. Carl Baugh (Ph.D. Anthropology, M. Archeology), was in charge of the excavation. Several of the people there had been working for the entire two week period.

When we arrived Dr. Baugh was beginning to carefully excavate clay from a depression in the target limestone. Several of us worked with hand trowels to remove the 3-4 inches of clay which overlay the fossil layer. This clay had been uncovered when the exposed covering rock had been removed the previous day. It was quite obvious that the clay layer had never been disturbed since its deposition. I worked within 3 feet of Dr. Baugh.

Once he suspected that the depression on which he was working could possibly be a human track, all other activity in the area ceased. Everyone then focused their attention on his work. Dr. Baugh removed the clay with utmost care and no chipping or sculpting occurred. Several of those in attendance testified to this on camera and that the site was previously unexposed or disturbed in any way. The rock ledge and clay had completely covered the depression until we removed them.

The depression in the limestone was clearly made by a large human foot. It was a right foot. The big toe and three rightmost toes made very clear impressions and rock ridges were found between the toe marks. The second toe made a lesser impression which is consistent with the way humans walk. There was a rock bump in front of each of the toes made when they pushed up the mud. The shape fit the arch and also the right side of a foot. The heel was not clear but looked as if the individual had slid in the mud. The depth of the impressions was consistent with the depth of tracks made by someone walking in mud. The toes were round and smooth. Everything was in the proper proportion.

Since I had the largest foot in attendance, size 13, my bare foot was used as a comparison for the extensive video tapes and photographs that documented the excavation. As my foot was both beside the footprint and in it for quite a while, I was able to examine it very closely.

Without any doubt, it was a human footprint.

I testify that everything I witnessed I have reported faithfully and without exaggeration.

M. Coppedge



Plaster casts of similar footprints found in Australia are in the possession of Rex Gilroy , together with many other interesting artifacts. In old river gravels near Bathurst, NSW, huge stone artifacts—clubs, pounders, adzes, chisels, knives and hand axes—all of tremendous weight, lie scattered over a wide area. These weigh anything from 8, 10, 15, to 21 and 25 pounds, implements which only men of tremendous proportions could possibly have made and used. Estimates for the actual size of these men range from 10 to 12 feet tall and over, weighing from 500 to 600 lbs.

A fossicker searching the Winburndale River north of Bathurst discovered a large quartzitised fossil human molar tooth, far too big for any normal modern man. A similar find was made near Dubbo, N.S.W.

Prospectors working in the Bathurst district in the 1930's frequently reported coming across numerous large human footprints fossilised in shoals of red jasper.

Even more impressive were fossil deposits found by naturalist Rex Gilroy around Bathurst. He excavated from a depth of 6 feet (2 m) below the surface a fossil lower back molar tooth measuring 67 min. in length by 50mm. x 42 mm. across the crown. If his measurements are correct, the owner would have been at least 25 ft. tall, weighing well over 1,000 lbs!

At Gympie, Queensland, a farmer, Keith Walker, was ploughing his field when he turned up the large fragment of the back portion of a jaw which still possessed the hollow for a missing lower back molar tooth. This is now in Rex Gilroy's possession. The owner of the tooth would have stood at 10 feet tall.

In the Megalong Valley in the Blue Mountains NSW, a Mr P. Holman found in ironstone protruding from a creek bank the deeply impressed print of a large human-like foot. The print was that of the instep, with all 5 toes clearly shown. This footprint measures 7 inches across the toes. Had the footprint been complete it would have been at least 2 feet (60 cm in length, appropriate to a 12 foot human. However, the largest footprint found on the Blue Mountains must have belonged to a man 20 feet tall!

A set of 3 huge footprints was discovered near Mulgoa, south of Penrith, N.S.W. These prints, each measuring 2 ft long and 7 inches across the toes, are 6 ft. apart, indicating the stride of the 12 ft. giant who left them. These prints were preserved by volcanic lava and ash flows which "occurred millions of years" before man is supposed to have appeared on the Australian continent (if one is to believe the evolutionary theory):

Noel Reeves found monstrous footprints near Kempsey, N.S.W. in sandstone beds on the Upper Macleay River. One print shows a toe 4 inches (10cm) long and the total toe-span is 10 inches (25cm) — suggesting that the owner of the print may have been 17 feet tall.

It is certain the Aborigines were not the first to reach Australia. Anthropologists maintain mainland Aborigines are in fact quite recent arrivals who ate their predecessors who were akin to the New Guinea natives.

Aborigines themselves admit in their ancient folklore that this land was inhabited by several groups of men, as well as giants, before they settled here.



Fossilised human footprints have also been discovered in Sweden, and in Mexico .
Giant skeletons have been discovered throughout the United States.
Photos of giants from recent times.

An article from Strand magazine (December,1895) reprinted in "Traces of the Elder Faiths of Ireland" by W.G. Wood-Martin mentions this fossilized giant discovered during mining operations in County Antrim, Ireland: "Pre-eminent among the most extraordinary articles ever held by a railway company is the fossilized Irish giant, which is at this moment lying at the London and North-Western Railway Company's Broad street goods depot, and a photograph of which is reproduced here. . . This monstrous figure is reputed to have been dug up by a Mr. Dyer whilst prospecting for iron ore in County Antrim. The principal measurements are: entire length, 12ft. 2in.; girth of chest, 6ft. 6in.; and length of arms, 4ft. 6in. There are six toes on the right foot. The gross weight is 2 tons 15cwt.; so that it took half a dozen men and a powerful crane to place this article of lost property in position for the Strand magazine artist. Dyer, after showing the giant in Dublin, came to England with his queer find and exhibited it in Liverpool and Manchester at sixpence, sixpence a head, attracting scientific men as well as gaping sightseers".

fossilised Irish giant


47 inch human femur For further information click:-

The Original Sin 1/3
The Original Sin 2/3
The Original Sin 3/3
But the Woman being deceived, was in the Transgression

The seed of the serpent produced Cain. If his daddy was a great big giant of a fellow, what would Cain be like? His daddy. And he went to the land of Nod and took one of his sisters. Only way he could, there were no other females. . .

Cain went to the land of Nod, and produced giants. They were smart educated, intelligent people. Is that right? They were builders, inventors, scientists: Not through the seed of the righteous, but through the seed of the serpent. They were scientists, builders, and great men, educators; the Scripture says so. They worked brass; they worked iron; they worked metals. They invented things. They tempered different metals and built houses.

The Scripture says one of those giants had fourteen inch fingers. Now, your finger is just as long as your closed hand. Open it up; that would be a twenty-eight inch hand.

And they were scoffers at the seed of the woman: Noah, the righteous. Jesus said, "As it was in the days of Noah, so will it be when the Son of man is revealed." That's today. And it is so. Genesis 6:1-4, "And it came to pass, when men began to multiply on the face of the earth, and daughters were born unto them, that the sons of God saw the daughters of men that they were fair; and they took them wives of all which they chose. And the LORD said, My spirit shall not always strive with man, for that he also is flesh: yet his days shall be an hundred and twenty years. There were giants in the earth in those days; and also after that, when the sons of God came in unto the daughters of men, and they bare them children who became mighty men which were of old, men of renown."

". . . daughters of man . . ."
signifies the MORTALITY of the serpent seed in contrast to the immortality of the sons of God. Their EARTHLY origin is contrasted with the heavenly origin of the "Sons of God," created in the likeness of Father God by His spoken Word. The "daughters of man" are Cain's race, the earthly, carnal offspring of the Satan-incarnate Serpent, they are hybrid and not a spoken Word of God's creation.

The phrase, "came in unto" refers in this connection only to the male who visits a woman's quaters and describes the immorality of "free love" which has repeated in this day along with miscegenation between the descendants of Cain and the children of Adam as Jesus foretold and lauded as "multiculturalism" (Genesis 30:16; 38:16; Matthew 24:37; Luke 17:26-27).

"Men of renown" speaks of men with an enduring name. Genesis describes these people as great builders and engineers, musicians, inventers, craftsmen, unbelievers and scoffers at the righteous of Adam's race. The same race are renouned in these occupations today. Undaunted by the Flood their descendants declare " . . .let us make us a name . . ." and erect a tower in carnal defiance of the Lord God.

The Hebrew word "Nephilim" is rendered "giants" in our English Bibles, but the form of the word indicates a verbal adjective or noun of passive or neuter signification, from Naphal, "to fall" and means "the fallen ones," that is, the descendents of Cain. Afterwards the term is transferred to their offspring, the only other passage in which it occurs.

In their evil report of the land of Canaan, the ten spies say, "All the people we saw in it were men of great stature. And there we saw the Nephilim, the sons of Anak, descended from the Nephilim: and we seemed to ourselves as grasshoppers, and so did we to them" (Numbers 13:32-33).

It was doubtless the mention of the great stature of these men, together with the Septuagint rendering that suggested our translation "giants." However the roots of the Greek word, have no reference to great stature and signify "earth-born". The meaning of "giants" in our sense of the term is secondary, arising from the fact that these beings of mixed birth are said to have displayed a monstrous growth and strength of body.

God commanded Moses to exterminate the whole race of these people from the Land of Canaan whom He said would corrupt their morals and pervert their heart to paganism if they intermarried or made agreements with them. Sadly, history, the Bible and telephone directories in every city record how the sons of Israel intermarried with daughters of men until today their identity and their land has been usurped by "men of renown"—clever inventers, actors, musicians, businessmen, singers, writers, traders, bankers and outright liars.

The Lord Jesus said, ". . . the children of this world are in their lineage wiser than the children of Light" (Luke 16:8).

Paul wrote, "Mortify therefore your members which are upon the earth; fornication, uncleanness, inordinate affection, evil concupiscence, and covetousness, which is idolatry: for which things' sake the wrath of God comes on the children of disobedience" (Colossians 3:5-6).

Immediately after the commission of the antediluvian sin, God pronounced the doom of the world. And prophecy assures us the present-day great rebellion will call forth the Lord Jesus in flaming Fire to take vengeance. Only those whose Names are written on the Lamb's Book of Life will not be deceived—the Bride of Christ manifesting the sons of God, and the 144,000 elect Israelites who are Israelites of the flesh and of the faith.

Links to further resources:-
Dinosaur Tracks and Giant Men   Genesis Park   Giants around the world
giants.htm

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First Timer FAQ

First Timer FAQ

The Basics:

Who can come?

Anyone!  We try to fill the room with a mix of people from various backgrounds.  See the bottom of the page for more info on ticket types.

Is the Event Tech Focused? – No, we’ve had pillow companies come out of Startup Weekend!  It is true that the majority of the startups are web related but you’re encouraged to bring anything you want to tinker with.  If you can get the proper permits for dynamite to demo a new blasting company we’re all for it!   You’re encouraged to work on that new biomedical startup or anything else.  Keep in mind we won’t have the microscopes but you sure can bring them!

What to expect - On Friday night people pitch their ideas.  There can be as few as 10 pitches or as many as 100, we keep on pitching until everyone is done!  We do a simple vote of everyone’s favorite 2 or 3 to narrow down the ideas by about 3/4. Individuals then gather around the remaining ideas to discuss feasibility, and identify what they need as far as skill sets and resources to get to work.  People are free to work on any idea that interests them that they feel they will have a value add for.  If you find yourself feeling lost or feel you can’t contribute, then join a team and be a sponge for the weekend.  There is a lot to learn and 99.9% of the people that attend Startup Weekend are great people and will teach you a thing or two if you show the interest.

What if I’m worried about my idea being stolen? – If you have a great idea you might be concerned about protecting it!  Here is what we recommend in that case.  Odds are your idea is GREAT but you still need help from other professionals or are looking for another co-founder to launch it. I recommend that you come to the event, don’t pitch the idea or if you do, pitch a very small chunk of it.  Then ask people that are interested in learning more to find you and have a conversation with you to discuss it further.  It is perfectly ok to guard your idea and share it with select people during the weekend once you have gotten to know them better.  You are encouraged to discuss working on your great idea either during or after the weekend.  Think of yourself as being a talent scout looking for the smartest people to potentially work with.  This is a powerful component of the event, people form powerful lasting professional relationships and friendships at these events and often times will work on projects that are unrelated to projects that were started at the Startup Weekend event.  This is a good thing!  We want to help you find co-founders in your community!


Once ideas are chosen teams from around them.  We generally have teams of 2-15 people  and have launched as many as 23 startups in a single weekend!

What You Should Bring:

  • Laptop
  • Power cord
  • Good attitude
  • Personal contact cards
  • Camera – take pictures and video!
  • Creative energy
  • Anything else you want to bring to launch a cool startup. (We’ve had people start a pillow company, we’ve had people bring motors for remote controlled unmanned aerial vehicles.  We are only limited by the resources we have in the room.  If you want to bring a nuclear reactor that would be awesome!

Before the event:

  • If you have an idea, start developing the idea into something you can easily share with your peers. See our Resources page for some good help on this.
  • If you don’t have an idea, make sure you start reading up on startups in general. See our resources page.
  • Find any special offers that our partners might be offering on our resources page. Most of them offer discounts or free services at every event!
  • TELL YOUR FRIENDS! Startup Weekend is only as strong as its community!

Resources

FREQUENTLY ASKED QUESTIONS

  1. What is Startup Weekend?
  2. What is the weekend like?
  3. When are you coming to {mycity}?
  4. How did it start?
  5. What is the agenda?
  6. Is the expectation to launch a startup in one weekend?
  7. Multiple startups?
  8. How are details like legal, ownership, members etc. handled?
  9. Is everyone who attends a participant?
  10. What happens once the weekend ends?
  11. Aren’t people concerned that someone will run away with their idea?
  12. Do you sleep at the event?
  13. Who runs Startup Weekend?
  14. Is Startup Weekend a company?
  15. Can I sponsor the Weekend?
  16. What do the ticket types mean on the registration page?

What is Startup Weekend?

Startup Weekend is a weekend event in cities around the world.   A highly motivated group of developers, business managers, startup enthusiasts, marketing gurus, graphic artists and more meet and in a short 54 hour event work on building projects out.  It is very much like an unconference, where the attendees decide the outcome of the experience.

What is the weekend like?

The weekend is fun, mentally simulating and always profitable (2 of those are true)! It starts Friday at 6pm and finishes up Sunday at 6pm, the hours in between are up to the community. Startup Weekend gets everyone in the same room, sometimes clothes and always feeds. What is next is really up to the people that show up, it is your drive and passion that will lead the weekend.

When are you coming to {mycity}?

As with almost everything related to Startup Weekend, this is decided by the community. Cities are added to the schedule with the City Vote Project. If your city is not there contact us! If you’re interested in hosting a Startup Weekend in your city please take a minute and fill out this questionnaire

How did it start?

It was a late night in June of 2007 at TechStars when the idea was coined.  Danny Newman and Stan James discussed how they missed collaborating on projects with others now that they were working on bigger projects, later David Cohen and Joe Scharf pushed founder Andrew Hyde to take the concept into reality. In May of 2009, Marc Nager and Clint Nelsen really saw an opportunity to help Startup Weekend continue to grow and took over the operations of Startup Weekend.

What is the agenda?

Have you ever worked at a startup?  Startup Weekends don’t really have agendas, just general times when the building is open for everyone to meet and work. If you are an agenda driven person, Startup Weekend might not be for you. You make the agenda based on the people, ideas and mood.

Is the expectation to launch a startup in one weekend?

That is the goal but launching and incorporating are totally up to the teams that are put together at the start of the event.  The excitement of launching makes the weekend thrilling. Go for it!

Multiple startups?

Yes. Depending on the number of attendees your number of projects will vary but typically 5-15 are formed in a given weekend.

How are details like legal, ownership, members etc handled?

The people working on the products will determine these issues during the weekend.  Startup Weekend, NPO does not retain ownership of any company coming out of the weekend and does not issue any shares. If you have questions, we generally have attorneys present at each event and we can help you find one to ask!

Is everyone who attends a participant?

Again, this will be determined by the participants.  It is your weekend, but don’t show up to watch.  Participate!

What happens once the weekend ends?

Above all, we hope that a strong community bond will form. Beyond that, it depends on the group. Past weekends have seen groups work beyond the weekend and continue to build and market their products.  Several projects have incorporated as companies and a few have raised multiple angel rounds.  Skribit is an example.

Aren’t people concerned about someone running away with their idea?

Given the nature of the event, and the fact that it will be live twittered/blogged/streamed etc., intellectual property will be difficult to keep secret.  We suggest that if you have an idea that you don’t want taken, then don’t present it.  The purpose of the event is to build community, so consider working on projects that introduce you to working with cool people.  Additionally, consider sharing your idea with people you meet on an individual basis if you think they’d make a good co-founder and you’re comfortable with them.

Do You Sleep At the Event?

Yes. Definitely! Generally the hours are Friday from 6-11pm, Saturday from 9am-10pm and Sunday from 9am-9pm. If you have reasons to be away during the weekends, by all means feel free to do so (kids soccer game, dinner with the Prime Minister, etc).  You are free to come and go as your schedule dictates.

Who Runs Startup Weekend?

Startup Weekend NPO is run by the community supporting entrepreneurship. Every weekend has a facilitator that is approved by Startup Weekend. Startup Weekend is currently in the process of becoming a Non-Profit Organization. This will complement the true identity of Startup Weekend and open more doors to partnerships with other organizations that can truly benefit the startup community.

Is Startup Weekend a Company?

Yes, Startup Weekend is a startup in its own right. The company and Trademark are used to make sure the quality of each Startup Weekend. If you have questions, call us!

Can I sponsor the Weekend?

Yes you can, in two ways. You can be a local sponsor for one weekend or a national sponsor for all the weekends. Check out our Sponsors Page or send an e-mail directly to us via our contact page.

What do the ticket types mean on the registration page?

First of all, 99% of the people that are asking about this are stressing out.  Don’t.  The ticket types are for, and sorry for the all caps, but we are going to use them, PLANNING PURPOSES ONLY.  If something is sold out, sign up for something else, just email the organizer.  Cool?  Planning purposes only.

  • Developer–Sys Admin: You can set up the servers and make sure the tubes are not clogged to the internets. You run the tech show.
  • Developer–Backend: You’re the person who lays the solid foundation upon which everything else depends. Everyone else will be trying to get you to code up their brilliant idea after the weekend; and with a budget, you could.
  • Developer–Architect: You’re the person that comes up with the overarching vision for the project. You fit tab A into slot B.
  • Developer–Front End: You make things look good, working directly with the User Experience team to make everything rock for the user. CSS is your friend, and IE bugs are the enemy in which you destroy. User rebellion will be directed toward you.
  • PR: You like telling the story of Startup Weekend (your project) and you’re awesome at keeping the message alive. Craft buzzword packed blog posts, dazzle them with brilliance or baffle them with bull.
  • User Experience: You know that all your friends are going to be using what you just helped create. You know that unless it’s user-friendly, your friends won’t talk to you. You fear losing your friends.
  • Designer: Someone has to add the drop shadow and gradient to that interface design, you will do it for the site design, banners, business cards and logo.
  • Legal: You make certain that all the i’s are dotted and all the t’s are crossed and help your project move forward after the weekend.
  • Jack of all Trades: Don’t know where you fit in but want to experience the weekend? Jack of all trades might just be your ticket. You make sure the the most random tasks are completed and design your own job!
  • Social Media: You blog, twitter, facebook and make sure we get the word out about the new startups that we’re working on and tell the story of the Startup Weekend event.  Also you post as many pictures and videos as humanly possible.  If they’re incriminating thats even better!

I hope this helps you pick what ticket to ‘buy.’ Remember to pick what you would like to spend your weekend doing, not necessarily what you do for your day job and you’re totally free to change roles throughout the weekend.


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Brain Teasers

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A

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-----
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What goes up and down, but doesn't move?
Answer

 

 
 

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Tweeting from the Command Line with Twyt

When 140 characters is all you need, the command line does it better.

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As you’ve probably realized by now, I love the command line. Part of the reason for my obsession with the command line is that I work at the command line for most of every day at my day job. With the exception of the few Windows hosts to which I must connect for certain operations, I never see a graphical interface. And, in keeping with my need to stay command line connected, I sought out a command line Twitter client to help me stay current with my all-important Twitter statuses. I chose the somewhat obscure, Python-based Twyt project to use as my Twitter companion.

I don’t care much for social networking but I submit that it is the way of the world and so, I reluctantly conform to what’s current. I wouldn’t want to deprive my followers (Twits?) of knowing what I had for breakfast nor would I want to deprive myself of the vital goings on of those whom I follow. Since I have little time (or tolerance) for chasing the web-based Twitter client, I decided to use the command line client for all my Twitter-based interactions—and of course to keep up with the multitude of tempting multilevel marketing opportunities tossed my way on an hourly basis.

Installation

I can often be a Linux purist and prefer to install from source. Fortunately, the developer provides the source tarball for those of us Ludites who either use a distribution that doesn’t incorporate Twyt or who are control freaks and must know what’s going on and have the option to alter it. It’s also for those of us who love to chase endless dependencies and then complain about them later.

For those of you who, instead, use packaging systems, you need python, python-simplejson and python-twyt. The rest of us will have to install the dependencies first, then download the tarball from the Twyt Download Repository and run the installation script at a command line.

# setup.py install

Once you’ve installed the dependencies and the Twyt package itself, you’re ready to update your throng of panting followers of your latest conquests and adventures.

Tweeting with Twyt

Broadcasting your breaking news bits is a simple task. It’s no more difficult than tweeting on the Twitter site or using some other third-party tweet application and help is at your fingertips. Let’s start by looking at that list of commands and finding help.

$ twyt --commands

usage: twyt  COMMAND [options] [args]

Available commands:
 accountlimit Show the API rate limit for your Twitter account.
        block Blocks a user specified by ID (numerical ID or screen name)
       delete Deletes a tweet by ID
       direct Sends a direct message to another user
    directdel Delete a direct message which was sent to you
   directsent Prints the 20 last direct messages sent by you
     directtl Prints the 20 last direct messages sent to you
    friendstl Returns 20 most recent statuses in your friends timeline
      iplimit Show the API rate limit for your IP address.
    namecache Access and manipulate the username cache.
     publictl Shows the 20 most recent statuses in Twitter's public timeline
      replies Lists statuses which are replies to you (statuses with @yourusername in them)
         show Show a single status message by ID
         sing Similar to 'tweet', wraps the status in musical notes
        tweet Updates the authenticating user's Twitter status
      unblock Unblocks a user specified by ID (numerical ID or screen name)
         user Get and set Twyt user options, e.g. remembered passwords and Twitter usernames
       usertl Show your timeline, or USERNAME's timeline

For command-specific help, use twyt COMMAND --help

Use the tweet command to send a new message. You must surround your message in double quotes.

$ twyt tweet "Hello, everyone, catch this article Monday on Linux Magazine at linux-mag.com" –u kenhess

Enter kenhess's Twitter password:

[8782187385] kenhess: Hello, everyone, catch this article Monday on Linux Magazine at linux-mag.com (Sun Feb 07 22:43:14 2010 via Twyt)

To prevent the constant prompting for your password when you enter a command, you can enter it on the command line with your tweet or other commands with your username:

$ twyt tweet "Hello, everyone, catch this article Monday on Linux Magazine at linux-mag.com" –u kenhess –p SuperSecretPassword

[8782187385] kenhess: Hello, everyone, catch this article Monday on Linux Magazine at linux-mag.com (Sun Feb 07 22:43:14 2010 via Twyt)

To set your username and password permanently, use the following command:

$ twyt user –user=kenhess set

Enter kenhess's Twitter password:

This action saves your username and password to a hidden file in your home directory named .twytrc.json. You can now use twyt without specifying your username or password.

Microblogging Culture

Unless you’ve hidden yourself away in a non-Internet connected Monastery for the past few years, Twitter is computing’s newest rage of the age. Whatever you can say in 140 characters or less, capture’s the ever-shortening attention spans of your followers. Followers are people who care enough about you to read your tweets (your short messages posted to twitter.com). You, in turn, follow people you care about but can only tolerate in short blasts.

This 140 character microblogging is for those of us too busy for Facebook, phone calls or text messages. We want the latest news and information without all the annoying details. When you want to know who’s recently clipped their toenails, who’s attending a Tea Party or who’s breaking up with their girlfriend; Twitter is the place to catch it all.

The basic rule of Twitter: If you can’t say it in 140 characters or less, no one cares, because you can’t say it on Twitter.

Tweeting, for some, is a way of life. I use it to promote stories, like this one, and to keep track of important announcements and news bits from a select few (1,600 or so at last count) of my closest friends and colleagues. Twyt is only one of a few different command line Twitter clients but it is one of the best I’ve seen and the only one I use with regularity. I appreciate its ease of use, small footprint and few dependencies. Twyt is such a pleasure to use, it almost makes me enjoy using Twitter. In just the time it took me to write this article, I’ve missed almost 400 updates and I must catch up—at the command line, of course. Happy tweeting.

Kenneth Hess is a Linux evangelist and freelance technical writer on a variety of open source topics including Linux, SQL, databases, and web services. Ken can be reached via his website at http://www.kenhess.com. Practical Virtualization Solutions by Kenneth Hess and Amy Newman is available now.

Read More
  1. When Memory Serves You: Using ramfs and tmpfs
  2. Disk-O-Tech: Linux Disk Management
  3. Bang for the Buck
  4. Everything is Unix
  5. There's No "I" in a Great System Administration Team
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welcome to nin.com v7.0 beta

the new full-length album the slip is available as a FREE download

nin.com features forums, live chat, member profiles, image and video sharing, and a cool iPhone app

1.5.10: NIN fans collaborate on massive free DVD/Blu-ray of "Lights In The Sky"

Our 2008 Lights In The Sky tour was an ambitious multimedia production on a scale well beyond anything we'd ever attempted before. Everyone involved was extremely proud of how it came together, and we were devastated when, for a variety of reasons, we were unable to capture it professionally for a theatrical or commercial release. As a "plan B" of sorts, early last year we released a massive 405gb free download of raw HD footage captured at three different shows during the tour. The idea was to get the footage out in the wild and see what our notoriously enterprising fans could do with it. There were no rules. No strings attached. This was a gift, and an experiment, and for the past year we've watched it come to life in more ways than we could have ever imagined.

Fans have edited thousands of videos from the footage, assembled their own DVDs and live albums, even held theatrical screenings of their creations. And now, the ambitious and well-organized group known as This One Is On Us have released their massive, highly-anticipated creation, Another Version of the Truth: The Gift.

For 12 months, a core team of dozens of fans and a network of thousands spanning the entire globe pooled their efforts to create this professional-quality 1080p 5.1 concert film, and have released it in every format from Blu-ray and DVD to iPod and YouTube. It combines footage from all three shows and includes DVD menus, bonus footage, a PDF booklet, and more. That something of this scale was produced entirely by fans, on their own time, purely for the sake of giving something back to the community, is absolutely unprecedented. You can read all about the project and find all the download links here, or watch it immediately on YouTube here. Theatrical screenings are already being organized, you can find more info about those here.

This is yet another example of a devoted fanbase and a policy of openness combining to fill in blanks left by old media barriers. The entire NIN camp is absolutely thrilled that treating our fans with respect and nurturing their creativity has led to such an overwhelming outpour of incredible content, and that we now have such a high quality souvenir from our most ambitious tour ever. Or, as Trent simply put it, "Nine Inch Nails fans kick ass."

 
 
 
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create any size wall posters from any size images
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Upload an image from your computer and choose how many sheets wide
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Once you're happy with your selection, you can download the PDF file containing your newly created images and print each one massively blown up, resulting in a
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http://960.gs/

960 Grid System

Download ← Templates for Fireworks, InDesign, Inkscape, Illustrator, OmniGraffle, Photoshop, Visio, Expression Design. Sketch PDF. CSS code. The 960.css file is 5.4 KB. View repository.


Custom CSS Generator

HTML Layout Generator

Grid Overlay Bookmark


Essence

The 960 Grid System is an effort to streamline web development workflow by providing commonly used dimensions, based on a width of 960 pixels. There are two variants: 12 and 16 columns, which can be used separately or in tandem. Read more.

Dimensions

The 12-column grid is divided into portions that are 60 pixels wide. The 16-column grid consists of 40 pixel increments. Each column has 10 pixels of margin on the left and right, which create 20 pixel wide gutters between columns. View demo.

Purpose

The premise of the system is ideally suited to rapid prototyping, but it would work equally well when integrated into a production environment. There are printable sketch sheets, design layouts, and a CSS file that have identical measurements.


More Columns

For those more comfortable designing on a 24-column grid, an alternative version is also included. It consists of columns 30 pixels wide, with 10 pixel gutters, and a 5 pixel buffer on each side of the container. This keeps text from touching browser chrome — helpful for devices like the iPhone, where a lower-case "i" or "l" might be easily missed. View demo.

Source Order

By utilizing the push_XX and pull_XX classes, elements can be rearranged, independent of the order in which they appear in the markup. This allows you to keep more pertinent info higher in the HTML, without sacrificing precision in your page layout. For instance, view the source code of this page to see how the H1 tag has been re-positioned.


Tapbots — 12 col  

Things That Are Brown — 16 col  


Four Kitchens — 12 col  

Onehub — 16 col  


Ten Seven Interactive — 12 col  

Anton Peck — 16 col  


Simple Station — 12 col  

Lulu — 16 col  


MODx CMS — 12 col  

Subvert — 16 col  


Phil Coffman — 12 col  

Pulse App — 16 col  


Black Estate Vineyard — 12 col  

Right From the Heart — 16 col  


A Better Office — 12 col  

Simplified Safety — 16 col  


Travis Isaacs — 12 col  

WooThemes — 16 col  


Church Mockup — 12 col  

Second & Park — 16 col  


Code

View comprehensive code on the demo page.

To the right is an example of how the code works. The container specifies how many total columns exist, either 12 or 16. For the most part, you will only ever need to specify a class name of grid_XX, where XX represents the column width.

If a grid unit contains grid children, the first child in a row will need a class of alpha and the last child in a row requires the class name omega. Likewise, if you want to insert empty space before or after a grid unit, use class prefix_XX or suffix_XX.

<div class="container_12">
    <div class="grid_7 prefix_1">
        <div class="grid_2 alpha">
            ...
        </div>
        <div class="grid_3">
            ...
        </div>
        <div class="grid_2 omega">
            ...
        </div>
    </div>
    <div class="grid_3 suffix_1">
        ...
    </div>
</div>

Nine-Sixty

All modern monitors support at least 1024 × 768 pixel resolution. 960 is divisible by 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 8, 10, 12, 15, 16, 20, 24, 30, 32, 40, 48, 60, 64, 80, 96, 120, 160, 192, 240, 320 and 480. This makes it a highly flexible base number to work with.

Credits

I drew inspiration from these individuals: Khoi Vinh, Cameron Moll, Olav Bjørkøy, Brandon Schauer, Jeff Croft and Mark Boulton. Their work spurred me to create my own. Special thanks to Eric Meyer for his comprehensive reset CSS.


Derivatives

The 960 Grid System is free to use, and may be repurposed to meet your specific needs. Several projects have already spun off, including versions that were built to be fluid and elastic. Additionally, it is has been adapted as a theme for Drupal.

Tutorials

Nettuts has a tutorial and video. WooThemes wrote a post entitled “Why we love 960.gs” and use it as a starting point for their WordPress themes. Spanish speakers can also check out tutorials by Jepser Bernardino and Miguel Angel Alvarez.

Feedback

I am always happy to hear how people are using the system, and would encourage any constructive criticism. Bear in mind, the whole spirit of this project is to be lightweight and focused solely on grids, but not to add bloat via extra features.


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http://wpml.org/

WPML is a WordPress plugin that can turn WordPress and WordPressMU into complete multilingual content management systems.

WPML lets you translate your site’s contents and theme. It can also add navigation elements for building full websites, not just blogs.


Translate yourself Get professional translation
  • Easily add translations to posts, pages, tags and categories.
  • Get an instant overview of what’s translated on your site.

Translate yourself with WPML »

  • Excellent translation, written by native speakers.
  • Translations managed automatically by WPML.

WPML’s professional translation »

For developers

Check out the developers information for everything you need to know about building multilingual themes and turning existing themes and plugins into fully multilingual.

If you’re developing sites professionally check out WPML’s partnership program. It will help you take your multilingual WordPress sites to the next level.

About WPML

The team at ICanLocalize is building WPML. It’s an evolving project with ambitious goals. You can see where we’re going in our roadmap.

ICanLocalize

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